FIRE Safety Lecture 63 Nebosh Course Element 10 Fire New Syllabus, Fire Hazards and Control Measures. For more lectures, notes past papers Contact us hussainasadasdi31@gmail.com & WhatsAPP +92-331-5999937 .
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Learning Objectives
Describe the principles of fire initiation, classification and spread.
Describe the basic principles of fire prevention and the prevention of fire spread in buildings.
Describe the appropriate fire alarm system and fire-fighting arrangements for a simple workplace.
Describe the factors which should be considered when implementing a successful fire evacuation of a workplace.
Fuel:
A combustible material or
substance consumed during the
combustion process.
Oxygen:
From the air (which is 21% oxygen)
or oxygen-rich substances (oxidising agents).
Heat or ignition source:
Energy to start the combustion
process.
Fire is a rapid chemical process in which oxygen combines with another substance (‘fuel’) in the presence of a source of heat.
This reaction is called combustion.
During this reaction, heat, flames and smoke are produced.
Electrical equipment.
Deliberate ignition (arson).
Hot work.
Smoking.
Cooking appliances.
Heating appliances.
Unsafe use and storage of flammable liquids and gases.
Mechanical heat.
Chemical reactions
Consequences
People killed and injured.
Damage to buildings and contents including smoke damage.
Environmental damage, e.g. water run-off.
What three things are needed for a fire to start?
What are the methods of fire spread?
Suggest common causes of workplace fire in an office.
1 - Heat/ignition source, fuel, oxygen.
2 - Conduction, convection, radiation, direct burning.
3 - Electrical equipment (overloading/covering vents on computers, etc.), intentional ignition, smoking materials, kitchen appliances, heating appliances (covering fan heaters).
10.2 Preventing Fire and Fire Spread
Control combustible and flammable materials:
Solids, liquids, gases.
Control ignition sources:
Systems of work, smoking, arson.
Use of electrical equipment in flammable atmospheres:
Hazardous area classification.
Systems of work:
Hot processes, machinery, electrical equipment.
Good housekeeping:
General tidiness, waste control and disposal.
Eliminate use altogether.
Substitute for lower risk.
Minimise quantities:
Stock control, housekeeping, waste management.
Safe use and storage in protected, dedicated buildings
Should be stored outside.
Storage area should be fenced with secure, lockable gate.
Warning signs displayed.
Ignition sources eliminated.
Bottles chained upright.
Separate from other buildings.
Empty and full bottles separated.
Oxygen bottles not be stored with LPG.
Return to store immediately after use.
National legislation will govern the control of flammable atmospheres and the use of electrical equipment in those areas - one example is the European ‘ATEX’ Directives. There are two directives, the ATEX 95 equipment directive, which controls equipment available for supply for use in flammable areas, and the ATEX 137 workplace directive, which requires the workplace to be controlled to ensure safety of workers. ATEX takes its name from the French title of the directive ‘Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères Explosibles’
Zone 0 - a place in which an explosive atmosphere is present continuously, or for long periods, or frequently.
Zone 1 - a place in which an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally.
Zone 2 - a place in which an explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only.
There are corresponding standards for dust explosion hazards - these are called Zone 20, Zone 21 and Zone 22.
In this element, we have:
Outlined some of the basic principles of fire safety such as: the fire triangle, the five classes of fire, the methods by which fire can spread and some of the common causes of workplace fires.
Explained how fire and the spread of fire can be prevented by controlling potential fuel sources and potential ignition sources.
Outlined the structural measures that exist to contain fire and smoke in the event of a fire starting, and the use of self-closing fire doors.
Described the general principles of fire detection and alarm systems.
Discussed types of fire extinguisher commonly used, such as water, carbon dioxide, foam, dry powder and wet chemical, and the strengths and limitations of each type.
Outlined the principal characteristics of a means of escape.
Described basic requirements for evacuation procedures, fire marshals, training and information, the capabilities of employees, fire drills and special procedures for the infirm or disabled, and the inclusion of escape routes in building plans.
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